curved back

arcus, ūs, m. (the orthography, arquus (cf. arquatus), is freq. in MSS., like quum for cum, quur for cur, etc.; cf. Freund ad Cic. Mil. p. 31 sq. Thus Charis. p. 92 P. upon Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51, reads arcuis; Prisc. p. 712 P. arci; and Non. p. 425, 5, upon Lucr. 6, 526, arqui; but the distinction which the latter gram. points out (arcus suspensus fornix appellatur; arquus non nisi qui in caelo apparet, quam Irim poëtae dixerunt) does not seem to be well founded.— Abl. plur. never found;

acc. to the gram., Don. p. 1751,

Diom. p. 285, Prisc. p. 779, Rhem. Palaem. p. 1371 P. al., it was arcubus; so Vulg. 2 Esdr. 4, 13; cf. Rudd. I. p. 104, n. 48.— Gen. sing. arqui, Lucr. 6, 526 Lachm., and Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51 B. and K.— Dat. arcu, Sil. 4, 18.— Nom. plur. ARCVVS, Corp. Inscr. V. 85; Inscr. Henz. 5313: arci, Varr. ap. Non. p. 77, 12.— Acc. ARCOS, Corp. Inscr. II. 3420.— Fem., Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 712 P.; cf. id. 658 P.; and Serv. ad Verg. 6, 610, says that Catull. and others used it as fem.; v. Neue, Formenl. I. p. 679) [cf. Sanscr. arālas = bent, the bent arm, aratnis = Gr. ôlenê; Lat. ulna; Germ. Elbogen; Engl. elbow. Curt.], prop., something bent; hence,

A bow (syn. cornu).

For shooting: intendit crinitus Apollo Arcum auratum, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 54 Müll.):

arcus intentus in aliquem,

Cic. Sest. 7:

haec cernens arcum intendebat Apollo Desuper,

Verg. A. 8, 704; 9, 665; so Vulg. Psa. 10, 3; 36, 14:

arcum tendere,

ib. 3 Reg. 22, 34; ib. 4 Reg. 9, 24:

adductus,

Verg. A. 5, 507:

remissus,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 67:

arcum dirigere in aliquem,

Pers. 3, 60:

quom arcum et pharetram mi et sagittas sumpsero,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 98; so,

arcum suscitare,

Vulg. Hab. 3, 9 et saep. —

The rainbow (fully: pluvius arcus, v. infra, II.), Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 712 P. (Ann. v. 393 Vahl.): Tum color in nigris existit nubibus arqui, * Lucr. 6, 526 Lachm.:

arcus ipse ex nubibus efficitur quodam modo coloratis,

Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51:

ceu nubibus arcus Mille jacit varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 5, 88 Rib.; so Ov. M. 6, 63; 11, 632; 14, 838:

pluvius describitur arcus,

Hor. A. P. 18; Liv. 30, 2; 41, 21; Plin. 18, 35, 80, § 353; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5 and 6:

arcum meum ponam in nubibus,

Vulg. Gen. 9, 13 sqq. (in Vulg. Apoc. 4, 3; 10, 1, iris, q. v.) al.—

A bow or arch in building, a vault, arch, triumphal arch, etc.:

efficiens humilem lapidum compagibus arcum,

Ov. M. 3, 30; 3, 160; Juv. 3, 11; Suet. Ner. 25:

marmoreus arcus,

id. Claud. 1; so id. ib. 11; id. Dom. 13; cf. Plin. Pan. 59, 2 Schwarz.—

Transf.

Poet. or in post-Aug. prose, any thing arched or curved like a bow; of the breaking of waves:

niger arcus aquarum,

Ov. M. 11, 568.—Of the windings of a serpent:

immensos saltu sinuatur in arcus,

Ov. M. 3, 42.—Of a curve in flight:

dea se paribus per cælum sustulit alis Ingentemque fugā secuit sub nubibus arcum,

Verg. A. 5, 658.—Of the curving or bendings of a bay:

sinus curvos falcatus in arcus,

Ov. M. 11, 229 (cf.:

inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos,

Verg. A. 1, 161).—

Of a harbor: Portus ab Euroo fluctu curvatus in arcum,

Verg. A. 3, 533.—Of boughs of trees, Verg. G. 2, 26 et saep.—Of the back of a chair, Tac. A. 15, 57.—

The mathematical arc, Sen. Q. N. 1, 10; Col. 5, 2, 9.—Hence, of the five parallel circles of the globe which bound the zones (or perhaps rather, the zones themselves):

via quinque per arcus,

Ov. M. 2, 129.

circum-ăgo, ēgi, actum, 3, v. a.

To drive or turn in a circle, turn round (most freq. since the Aug. per.;

not in Cic. or Quint.): impera suovetaurilia circumagi,

Cato, R. R. 141, 1.—And with two acc. (on account of circum):

terram fundumque meum suovetaurilia circumagi jussi,

Cato, R. R. 141, § 2:

(annus) qui solstitiali circumagitur orbe,

Liv. 1, 19, 6:

chamaeleonis oculos ipsos circumagi totos tradunt,

Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 152.— Act. in mid. sense (very rare):

Aegeum pelagus summotas terras hinc ad promunturium, quod Sunium vocatur, magno ambitu mollique circumagit,

rolls around, surrounds, Mel. 2, 2, 8.—

To drive around, produce by going around:

pinctis bobus... aratro circumagebant sulcum,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 143 Müll.—Hence,

T. t., to manumit a slave by turning him round. since the slave, in such a case, was taken by his master with the right hand, and turned around in a circle (cf. vertigo, Casaub. Pers. 5, 75 sq., and Dict. of Antiq.);

fig.: qui se illi (philosophiae) subjecit et tradidit, statim circumagitur: hoc enim ipsum philosophiae servire libertas est,

Sen. Ep. 8, 6.—

Trop.

Of time, with se, or more freq. in pass, to pass away, to be spent (so most freq. in temp. perf. and in Liv.):

in ipso conatu rerum circumegit se annus,

Liv. 9, 18, 14:

sed prius se aestas circumegit, quam, etc.,

id. 23, 39, 4:

prius circumactus est annus, quam, etc.,

id. 6, 38, 1:

circumactis decem et octo mensibus,

id. 9, 33, 3; 6, 1, 4; 26, 40, 1; 27, 30, 11; 44, 36, 1; Plin. 7, 16, 17, § 76;

and in tmesis: circum tribus actis annis,

Lucr. 5, 881.—In temp. pres.:

annus, qui solstitiali circumagitur orbe,

Liv. 1, 19, 6:

nobis in apparatu ipso annus circumagitur,

id. 24, 8, 8.—

Of the vicissitudes of fortune, etc.:

cum videamus tot varietates tam volubili orbe circumagi,

Plin. Ep. 4, 24, 6.—

To turn, turn about, wheel around:

equos frenis,

Liv. 1, 14, 9; 8, 7, 10; 10, 11, 1; Curt. 3, 11, 14 sq.:

collum in aversam se,

Plin. 11, 47, 107, § 256:

corpora,

Tac. H. 4, 29:

se ad dissonos clamores,

Liv. 4, 28, 2:

circumagitur, cum venit, imago (in speculis),

Lucr. 4, 316 (340):

circumagente se vento,

Liv. 37, 16, 4:

aciem,

id. 42, 64, 5:

signa,

id. 10, 36, 9; 6, 24, 7; Curt. 4, 6, 14:

ut qui (milites) ultimi stabant... verti tamen et in frontem circumagi possent,

id. 4, 13, 32:

se,

to turn about, Plin. 6, 31, 36, § 199; 16, 41, 80, § 220:

legiones,

to lead back, Flor. 3, 21, 6. —Hence, prov.:

circumagetur hic orbis,

the tide will turn, Liv. 42, 42, 6; cf.

' praecipua cenationum rotunda, quae perpetuo diebus ac noctibus vice mundi circumageretur,

Suet. Ner. 31.—

Esp., to agitate, disturb:

verna (mala) stomacho inutilia sunt, alvom, vesicam circumagunt,

Plin. 23, 6, 54, § 100.—

Trop.:

hic paululum circumacta fortuna est,

changes, is changed, Flor. 2, 2, 22:

sed unā voce, quā Quirites eos pro militibus appellarat, tam facile circumegit et flexit,

Suet. Caes. 70:

quo te circumagas?

whither will you now turn? Juv. 9, 81:

universum prope humanum genus circumegit in se,

brought over to his side, Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13.—

(Acc. to circum, II. C.) To run or drive about, proceed from one place to another:

(milites) huc illuc clamoribus hostium circumagi,

Tac. H, 3, 73: nil opus est te Circumagi, i. e. that you wander about with me, * Hor. S. 1, 9, 17.—

Trop.:

non pendere ex alterius vultu ac nutu, nec alieni momentis animi circumagi,

Liv. 39, 5, 3:

rumoribus vulgi circumagi,

id. 44, 34, 4; 26, 8, 3.—

Aliquem aliquā re = circumdare, to surround with something:

fratrem Saturnum muro,

Lact. 1, 14.—Hence, circumactus, a, um, P. a., bent around, curved (perh. only in the two Plin.):

in orbem circumactus,

Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102; 15, 14, 15, § 51; 16, 34, 62, § 146:

sensim circumactis curvatisque litoribus,

Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12.